Norwegian seismic survey vessel charterer TGS-NOPEC Geophysical is buying the owner of the world's largest 2D data library.
It has backing from shareholders owning 34% of Oslo-listed company Spectrum, it said.
The deal will cement TGS' position as a leading provider of multi-client 2D and 3D seismic data, and realise its ambition of growing exposure towards the South Atlantic.
TGS estimates significant cost synergies of about $20m per year as a result.
The deal values Spectrum at NOK 3.67bn ($418.5m).
Its shareholders will receive a 13.9% stake in TGS.